Ph.D. Indiana, 1966; M.A. Indiana, 1963; B.A. Wesleyan [Conn.], 1961.

Russian Empire, Soviet Union, 18th-century Russian social history, Medieval Russia. Research on political, economic, and social developments in early modern Russia, especially popular unrest, epidemics and public health, court institutions, and cultural policies.

Religion, political thought, literary culture, historiography and politics in Britain from 1660–1832. 

Early modern Britain.

Ph.D. Wisconsin, 1972 [History of Science]; M.S. University of Kansas, 1968 [Chemistry]; B.S. Penn State University, 1966 [Chemistry and Education]

Modern physical sciences - astronomy-cosmology and physics during the early-modern Scientific Revolution in Western Europe, aspects of chemistry and physics in the latter 19th century, and the 20th-century impact of electronic techniques on chemical analysis.

Medieval Europe; environmental history; economic and social history.

Ph.D. Northwestern, 1974.

International business history and interviewing methods.

Ph.D. Columbia, 1965; M.A. Columbia, 1959; B.A. Indiana, 1954.

Modern Russia, international, military, Volga Germans and Mennonites from Russia.

Modern Germany; cultural and intellectual history of modern Europe; philosophy of history.

Ancient history; Roman history; early Christianity; late antiquity; early medieval history; Judaica; women in antiquity.

Ph.D. Duke, 1972; B.A. Florida State.

Modern European History, 19th- and 20th-century French social and political history, Vichy, the Resistance, and Occupied France.

20^th century U.S. political, military, and diplomatic history. 

Ph.D. Yale, 1971; B.A., University of Kansas, 1963.

Environmental history of North America and the world; U.S. West; U.S. history in the 19th and 20 centuries; history of agriculture; history of science and technology; comparative history.